Restore traditional cultural fire management practices.

Tailor fire applications to avoid avian nesting season.

Cultural burning at proper intervals to maintain riparian willow and cottonwood habitats (Karuk DNR).

Develop additional species as indicators.

Significantly reduce amount of retardant used, use only non-toxic alternatives and potentially exclude retardant use within key watersheds.

Utilize manual fuel breaks so that excessive fire retardant no longer necessary to hold lines (also employment).

Increase local fire capacity to reduce reliance on retardants.

Additional research on impacts of retardants and alternatives.