Avoiding grazing in summer when oak seedlings are the only green forage available (it is best to graze in winter and fall when there is plenty of green grass). Graze at a low to moderate stocking density. Plant trees more than 0.5 miles from livestock water and on slopes more than 20%. Plant trees away from known feeding and resting sites and trail corridors. Place livestock attractants (salt, supplements, rubbing posts, etc) as far away from ‘snyaaw seedlings as possible. Fence fields with ‘snyaaw seedlings or protect individual seedlings using tree shelters until they are at least 6.5 feet tall. As an alternative to planting trees, protect existing volunteer ‘snyaaw seedlings like you would for planted seedlings (McCreary, 2005). The propagation strategy benefits both Manzanita’s oak stands and livestock production.